2.2.3 Inclusive Numbers: General

Inclusive numbers give the first and last numbers in a continuous range, most often for pages, sections, dates, or numbered passages. For fuller guidance, see CMS17, §9.58–63.

When a range is introduced with “from" or “between," do not use an en dash. Write the range out with “to" or “and," and give all digits.

• Correct: from 156 to 163
• Incorrect: from 156–163

• Correct: between 1904 and 1947
• Incorrect: between 1904–1947

When a range is not introduced verbally, join the numbers with an en dash. Unlike the practice suggested by CMS17, §9.61, practice, this manual requires full page ranges.

• 4–8, 12–19, 61–64, 87–116
• 200–204, 700–729, 867–875
• 1206–1211, 1534–1578