4.4 Headings and Subheadings

Use headings and subheadings to show the structure of the paper. Most student papers need no more than two or three levels of headings. Do not use a subheading unless the paper has at least two sections at that same level.

Use the same formatting every time a heading level appears. Higher-level headings should be more visually prominent than lower-level headings. Headings should use headline-style capitalization (“title case”) unless otherwise noted. Do not end a heading with a period.

Use the following hierarchy:

Long headings may be single-spaced or shortened to fit on one line. Do not leave more space before a heading than after it. Do not leave a heading by itself at the bottom of a page.