4.6 Bibliography

Begin the bibliography on a new page after the appendixes, if any. Use a two-inch top margin on the first page. The bibliography is numbered consecutively with the rest of the paper: place the page number at the bottom center of the first bibliography page and in the top right corner on any following pages.

List entries alphabetically by the author’s last name. If no author is known, alphabetize the entry by title, ignoring initial articles such as a, an, or the. Single-space each bibliography entry and leave one blank line between entries.

Bibliography entries are formatted differently from footnotes. In a footnote, the author’s name appears in normal order and the note usually ends with the specific page or location cited. In the bibliography, the first author’s name is inverted, and the entry gives the publication information for the whole source rather than only the page cited.

Footnote

  • 1. Richard Kaczynski, Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley, rev. ed. (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2010), 213.

Bibliography

  • Kaczynski, Richard. Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley. Rev. ed. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2010.

When several works by the same author appear in the bibliography, arrange them alphabetically by title after the author’s name. For repeated authors, use a 3-em dash in place of the author’s name after the first entry, unless the instructor, editor, or publication prefers the author’s name repeated.

  • Kaczynski, Richard. Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley. Rev. ed. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2010.
  • ———. Mind Over Magick: The Psychology of Ritual Magick. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press, 2025.

Use shortened publisher names when appropriate, but keep enough information to identify the publisher clearly. Omit business terms such as Company, Inc., Ltd., and Publishing Company unless they are needed for clarity. Use the standard two-letter postal forms for U.S. states and Canadian provinces, such as OH, MA, CA, and ON, unless an instructor, editor, or publisher requires another system.