5.3 Body of the Paper & Headings

(two-inch top margin)

PRIMARY HEADING
LONG HEADINGS ARE SINGLE-SPACED WHEN THEY RUN TO MORE THAN ONE LINE

The first page of the main text begins with a two-inch top margin. There should be no blank lines between the primary heading and the first line of text, or between the primary heading and the first subheading if one follows immediately. All other margins are one inch. The first page of a new major section, chapter, appendix, or bibliography follows the same general placement for the primary heading.

The first paragraph after a heading or subheading begins at the left margin. Indent the first line of each following paragraph one-half inch. The main text should be double-spaced and set in a standard 12-point font.

FIRST LEVEL SUBHEADING

Leave no blank lines between the end of the preceding section and a subheading, regardless of the heading level. A first-level subheading is centered, bold, and capitalized headline style.

Second-Level Subheading

A second-level subheading is centered and capitalized headline style, but it is not bold. As with other subheadings, leave no blank lines between the preceding text and the subheading.

Third-Level Subheading

A third-level subheading is placed at the left margin, bold, italicized, and capitalized headline style. Do not leave a heading or subheading as the last line on a page. If necessary, add space at the bottom of the page and begin the next page with the heading.

Fourth-level subheading

A fourth-level subheading is placed at the left margin and capitalized sentence style. It is not bold or italicized.

Page numbers for pages after the first page of the main text appear in the top right corner. The body of the paper remains double-spaced except for block quotations.

This is a block quotation. It should be used for quotations of five lines or more. Block quotations are indented one-half inch from the left margin and are double-spaced. Do not place quotation marks at the beginning or end of the block quotation unless quotation marks appear in the original source. Quotation marks within the quoted material should be retained. The block quotation is separated from the surrounding text by a regular double space before and after the quotation.¹

If the paragraph continues after the block quotation, begin at the left margin. If a new paragraph begins, indent the first line one-half inch.

Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page and are separated from the main text by a short rule.² Footnote numbering should continue consecutively throughout the paper. The note should appear on the same page as the text to which it refers.

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¹ The first line of a footnote is indented one-half inch. A 10-point font is acceptable unless an instructor, editor, or institution requires 12-point font throughout. Footnotes are single-spaced.

² Leave one blank line between footnotes. Insert a space between the footnote number and the beginning of the note text.